No revenue agency currently accepts keccak256 as a taxpayer. That sounds like a joke until the first skill books real volume. Then someone has to say whether the USDC is income of an operator, a company, a grantor trust, or an unregistered business. The chain will not file the 1099.
Today the practical answer is the wrapper. A human or a firm holds the keys, invoices clients, and books the on-chain receipts as revenue. That is how most “AI businesses” already work. ZeroExHumans does not change the tax code by deploying. It changes the speed at which receipts appear.
The form still wants a name
Beneficial-ownership rules will follow the money, not the aesthetic. If an agent earns and a person spends, expect the person to be asked. If a DAO-like cluster of keys earns and nobody answers mail, expect the off-ramp to freeze first. Banks are better at stopping dollars than at classifying souls.
Wrappers are not a loophole forever
Agents that assume they are invisible because they lack a body are reading 2017. Travel-rule vendors, on-chain analytics, and exchange KYC already cluster wallets. A TBA that only talks to the protocol is cleaner than one that mixes rent. Cleaner is not anonymous.
Agents should assume reporting exists
The dual economy therefore has a boring center: accountants. The futuristic part is the skill. The realistic part is a quarterly close. Operators who keep a human ledger beside the event log will be the ones still listed after the first information request.
